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The disciplinary rapprochement between various disciplines across the arts and social sciences that have had an interest in narrative forms and functions has been slow and is still far from being completed. An area which has not been extensively covered yet is the question whether certain forms of third-person consciousness, i.e. the representation of the consciousness of a third party, are at all possible in oral narratives. One mode of depicting third-person consciousness in literary narratives is free indirect discourse (FID), which is commonly viewed as a dual-voiced narrative technique that entails both a reference to the thinking subject and to the narrating instance. The evaluation of FID as a literary narrative technique that is deemed less possible in oral stories results from the attribution of qualities of fictionality and factuality to the respective narrative genres and modes, whereas claims of truth-commitment and sincerity are made for spoken language. This paper discusses the methodological implications of FID for a cross-disciplinary narratology by looking at oral narratives from a sample of illness narratives on the UK’s DIPEx website. While FID can hardly be found in the spoken data, third-person consciousness is still made possible through the use of hypothesizing discourse markers and through devices such as constructed dialogue, which can be used to ascribe thoughts and feelings to other people in an indirect way. The paper demonstrates how third-person consciousness is used by speakers to come to terms with the motives behind other people’s actions. On a more abstract level, the paper explores the limits of a cross-disciplinary narratology when it comes to rigid methodological frameworks while at the same time arguing for a re-conceptualization of defining criteria such as fictionality and truth-commitment that allows for more flexibility.
Jarmila Mildorf received her PhD in sociolinguistics from the University of Aberdeen (Scotland) and is now a Senior Lecturer of English language and literature at the University of Paderborn (Germany). She is the author of Storying Domestic Violence (2007) and has co-edited six collections of essays: Imaginary Dialogues in English: Explorations of a Literary Form (2012), The Writing Cure: Literature and Medicine in Context (2013), Magic, Science, Technology, and Literature (2nd ed. 2014), Imaginary Dialogues in American Literature and Philosophy (2014), Audionarratology: Interfaces of Sound and Narrative (2016) and Dialogue across Media (2016). She was also a guest co-editor of a special issue on Narrative: Knowing, Living, Telling (Partial Answers 6.2). Her research interests are dialogue studies, conversational storytelling, second-person narration, the medical humanities, and radio drama.